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(ModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 I -J..- ADAMS. LATCH AND LOCK COMBINED.

No. 501,474. Patented July 11, 1893.

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J. ADAMS. LA-TGH AND LOOK COMBINED.

Patented July 11-, 1893.'

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. LATCH AND LOOK COMBINED. No; 501,474. Patented July 11., 1893.

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(ModeL) J. ADAMS. LATCH AND LOOK COMBINED. No. 501,474. Patented July 11, 1893..

NITED TATES 'ATENT Fries.

JOHN ADAMS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO ELEANOR ADAMS, OF, SAME PLACE.

LATCH AND LOCK COMBINED.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 501,474, dated July 11, 1893.

Application filed July 22, 1890. Renewed November 2, 1892. Serial No. 450,781. Model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN ADAMS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State'of Illinois,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in aCombined Latch and Look, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in combined latches and locks,and consists in the combination of lever and weight and details of mechanism arrangement and operation substantially as will be hereinafter fully described and pointed out in the claims.

To enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to make and use the same I will now proceed to describe my improvements referring to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1. is a plan elevation of my combined latch and lock with the cover removed showing it in an unlocked position. Fig. 2. is a similar view to Fig. 1 showing it locked. Fig. 3. is a plan view of the bottom plate of casing with internal mechanism removed showingthe stationary pins, anti-friction burrs and standard. Fig.4. is an end sectional view taken on line 4. 4. of Fig. 3. Fig. 5. is an end elevation view of Fig. 1. Fig. 6. is an end sectional view of Fig. l on line 6. 6. Fig. 7. is an end sectional View taken on line 7. 7. of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is a top sectional view of Fig. 1 taken on line 8. 8. Fig. 9 is a like view on line 9. 9. Fig. 10 is a similar View taken on line 10. 10. of Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a view of the preferred form of the weight showing the arm lowered. Fig. 12. is a longitudinal side view of Fig. 11. Fig. 13. is a plan view of a modified form of the weight showing the arm even and not lowered. Fig. 14 is a longitudinal side view of Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a rear view and Fig. 16 is a front view of Fig. 13. Fig. 17 is a plan view of the lever operating the Weight and latch-bolt. Fig. 18 is an end view of same shown by arrow. Fig. 19. is a plan view of the key-lever for operating the latch bolt. Fig. 20. is an end view of said lever. Fig. 21. is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 22. is a plan View of the locking bolt. Fig. 23. is an end view of the same. Fig. 24 is a top View of the latch-bolt. Fig. 25 is a side elevation of Fig, 24. Fig.26 is a top view of the hub havinga single lug. Fig. 27 isaside elevation of the same. Fig. 28 is an enlarged View in detail of the friction cam, as a dead lock, for latch-bolt. Fig. 29 is a plan View of same. Fig. 30 is a reverse side View of Fig. 28. Fig. 31. is a plan view showing the means by which one or more sets of tumblers can be used to operate the lock-bolt. Fig. 32 is a side elevation of Fig. 31. Figs. 33, 34 and 35, are detail views, showing three separate sets of tumblers to correspond to different keys. Fig. 36 is a plan view of bridge-plate in connection with cams. Fig. 37 is a side elevation of the bridge plate. Fig. 38 is a plan view of lock with cover removed, showing the yoke or pitman for operating weight and latch. Fig. 39. is a plan view of yoke or pitman. Fig. 40. is a side view of yoke. Fig. 41 is a plan view of hub having shoulders or lugs for operating yoke or pitinan, and Fig. 42. is a side View of the same.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

It is found by experience, that looks as heretofore constructed in which a gravity weight is used, are objectionable for several reasons, among some: their operation is slow and uncertain, the weight being compelled necessarily to fall too far to throw the latch, and the leverage insufficient to return the knob, and when springs are used, a strong spring endangers the lock, and a weak one gives uncertain action. I overcome these objections by combining with the weight a lever, so arranged and operating with other mechanism, as to give instantaneous action and sufficient power to return the knob. The ar rangement of the lever permits the latch to, V

be operated with nominal if any resistance.

I also overcome other objections to looks by providing a series of tumblers, and "bridge"; 7

plates, obviating the use of springs, except for special purposes, and in other details of construction, arrangement and operation of mechanism as will be fully described and be understood from the drawings in which- A. is the shell or casing of any suitable material and form containing the operating mechanism. It is provided with the usual keyhole B. preferably reversed, and also with the usual opening 0. for the play of the latch D. and a similar opening 0'. for the locking bolt E. the latch being similar to the latches in common use. The bolt E. is provided or formed with the lugs 0 c and 0 the latter two being at one side near the lower end, and 0 being at the opposite side near the upper portion of the bolt, contacting with the weight as presently explained; the bolt is also provided near its lower end with two slots 0 and 0 through which are retaining standards c and 0 secured to or projecting from the upper surface of the casing for regulating the throw of the bolt and the retention of the tumblers as presently set forth; pivoted upon the standards 0 and 0 is a series of tumblers, one or pairs or sets, interlacing or interlocking each other; in the drawings I have shown three sets, a, ct, b, b, and c, 0, preferably of the form shown, but of any other suitable form to correspond with the keys used, the tumblers being placed interchangeably to admit changes of keys. I also provide areversible bridge-plate F. having slots or forks cl, (1. The forks of the bridge-plate rest over the standards 0 and a and are retained in position by the same: the bridge-plate may be placed above, between or underneath the tumblers as desired; by preferably enlarging one side of the bridge-plate I obtain a further change of keys. G. is a standard rigidly secured to the bottom of the ease by which the top or retaining cover is held. H. is a weight having the ordinary main body, and the arm II; with the exception that the main body is provided or formed with a slot or groove 01, which receives or engages the lug c of bolt, which insures the locking of the latch as presently explained; the end or back of the arm H, of the weight is formed or provided with a beak, hook or projection CF, to engage with a lug on the hub for the purpose of raising the weight thereby throwing back the latch, but in the' use of the yoke or pitman as presently explained this beak 61 can be dispensed with; near the inner or back end the arm is provided with a pivotal hole (2 swinging or retained by pin (1 rigidly secured to the bottom of the case, permitting the weight to swing, forming a fulcrum as a lever to return the hub; near the main .body the arm is provided with an elongated hole at, into which fits a pin or projection d", on, at or near one end of the arm of lever I. The lever I, is of any suitused for railway cars or other special purj poses; it has the bifurcated arms e e at one end which engage with the lugs e e on the 1 hub L as shown in Fig. 42, and is pivotally connected at its lower end at e to the arm of 1 the weight as near as practicable to the fulable form or shape, but preferably as shown in thedrawings; it is provided with apivotal hole (1 at or near one end into which fits the pin (Z the said pin projecting from the bottom of case above the surface of the lever to receive pivotally the key-lever K. for operating the latch; the outer end of the lever I. is provided with a pin cl, fitting or engaging with a hole in the end of thelatch; the movement of the upper end of the lever I is limited by the lugs e, 6, one on each side thereof. L. is the hub into which fits the knob-shank or spindle; it is provided preferably with a lug e, near the top, which engages with the latch. 1 after described, is used the same result is obtained, the yoke or pitman being connected at a point equally distant, as e, from the fulcrum of the weight.

weight and key-lever for the purpose of raisin g the weight, thereby withdrawing the latch. In Figs. 41 and 42 of the drawings I have shown the hub provided with two lugs e 6' one on each side, which will be used for the same purpose as a single lug, when the yoke or pitman is used for the special purpose as hereinafter stated. K. is the key lever, of any suitable form, but preferably as shown in Figs. 19 and 20 of the drawings, it is provided with the hole b into which pivotally fits the pin (1 said key-lever is preferably placed between the lever I. and the arm of the weight, but may be placed either above or below the arm of the weight. This leverengages with the keyand weight for the purpose of raising the weight to withdraw the latch.

e and e are anti-friction hearings on the bottom of the case for the lever I, and 6 is a similar bearing for the weight, there being a corresponding bearing on the cover of the casing.

M. is a friction-cam having a bearing in or near the upper wall of the case through an opening e, in the wall thereof, having also a bearing in the cover which keeps it in position; the tumbler M. engages with the latch for holding it in aloeked position; in mortise locks this may be dispensed with. All of the parts of mechanism described, are arranged and combined relatively together in the positions with each other and operate as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.

It will be seen from the drawings, that lever I, will describe in its movement a shorter radius, than the weight H pivoted or fulcrumed at d, and consequently the weight and latch could not be operated properly. I therefore provide said elongated hole 61 as shown in the drawings, which will equalize the radii, described by the weight and lever insuring the positive and proper action and operation of the weight, lever and latch. The contact or engagement of the lug e of 1 the hub L. with the beak or hook d of the weight, near the weights fulcrum insures a very slight turn of the knob to withdraw the In case the yoke or pitman, herein- N. Fig. 39, is a yoke or pitman, which is crum or pivotal center of the weight; this will 'insure an additional leverage power to the 9 weight to return the knob.

I have found from experience withlocks or latches as heretofore constructed, that sufiicient power could not be obtained to return the knob. I obtain the necessary power and result by the leverage and operation above described. For railroad looks a spring or springs maybe used in connection withthe tumblers a a b b c c to hold them in position and to avoid the effects of jolting or jarring.

It will be noticed that the tumblers a a b b and c c are of different diameters. This is for the purpose of permitting changes of keys.--

The mannerof operation is as follows, (the casing having the internal mechanism assembled preferably as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 0f the drawings It will be seen that in its normal position, the latch extends or projects beyond the face of the look, when the latch is 11 contact with the strike-plate on doorjamb; in the act of shutting the latch is forced back owing to the beveled surface of the same;-

are used, and third it materially reduces the distance of the fall of the weight insuring quicker action than in other gravity looks.

The knob being turned in one direction the lug e on the hub will contact with the beak or projection d on the end of the arm of the weight at a point near its fulcrum. This raises the weight and thereby withdrawing the latch; the knob being turned in the opposite direction the lug 6', will contact with the upper point of key lever K, raising the lower end of said lever, which end contacts with and raises the weight producing the same result, as when the knob is turned in the other direction; the length of the lug e contacting with the arm of the weight near its fulcrum lessens the turn of the knob, thereby avoiding friction in the escutcheons, and insuring the positive return of the knob; the same result being obtained in the action upon the key-lever, as it also contacts with the arm of the weight near its fulcrum. The object of this contact or connection near the fulcrum of the weightis to give additional power to the weight,as the latter acts as aleverto return the knob. The tumbler M. is used when additional safety is required; in its normal position, as shown in Fig. 1, it allows free action of the latch, but by turning the tumbler in the direction and position as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2 it operates as a dead-lock, thelatch having an upward tendency when withdrawn.

The operation of the locking bolt is as follows: The bolt being in an unlocked position as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the key being in its hole, and being turned to lock the bolt, the key contacts with a set or sets of tumblers at the points 19 and p depressing the tumblers at said points, thereby raising the-tumblers from their contact with the lug 0 As the key continues to turn in the process of locking, the key contacts with the talent r, of the bolt'foreing the bolt out, and as the keyleaves the talent it contacts with the tumblers at points 8 forcing the tumblers onto or in 'contact with lug c of the bolt thereby firmly locking the bolt without de pending on gravity or springs. To unlock the bolt, the key is turned in the opposite direction contacting'with the tumblers at p and p depressing the tumblers at said points, thus raising them' from their contact with lug c as the key continues to turn it contacts with the talent r forcing the bolt backward;

as the key leaves the talent it contacts with the tumblers at points 8 forcing the tumblers into contact with the lug of the bolt thereby holding the bolt in an unlocked position, this operation being the reverse of the former. As the bolt moves into a locked position, the lugc enters the slot or groove (1 in'the weight H, thereby preventing the weightfrom being raised or the knob from being turned thus locking the latch firmly. In the process of unlocking the bolt the lug will be removed from the slot d thereby releasing the weight.

After the key leaves the points 5 s it comes in contact with the key lever K at the point 'v, forcing it upward thereby lifting the weight and withdrawing the latch, makingit unnecessary to turn the knob to withdraw the latch. Thus by the use of a swivel-shank or spindle I'have a night latch. In locks where a'night latch is not a desirable feature as in railroad and common door locks and to cheapen the construction I substitute in place of key lever K. the yoke or pitman N.'and in this case the hub will have the two lugs e e as before stated with which the yoke N. will contact thereby raising the weights and accomplishing. the same results as before. When a knob is used without a hub, which may be done, in this case the yoke or pitman is used, the bifurcated ends of the yoke will be connected by a bar running across which leaves a space for the spindle or shank to pass through, when the same action will be had as when a knob with lugs is used.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is'

1. The bolt having two lugs, combined with the opposite tumblers connected to swing to=- gether andhaving shoulders to engage the lugs alternately, said tumblers constructed substantially as described to release the bolt as the key moves the latter and to lock the bolt as key leaves the latter, substantially as set forth.

2. In a combined latch and lock abolt having a'lug projecting to one side, in combina tion with a weight provided at one side'with a IIO slot or groove adapted to receive said lug substantially as shown and described.

3. In a lock the combination of abridge plate with a bolt and interlocking tumblers tained,substantially as shown and described.-

4. In the lock the combination of a bridge plate, a slotted bolt provided with lugs, and

interlocking tumblers having shoulders for engaging said lugs pivoted on standards on the case, whereby changes of keys are obtained and the picking of the lock rendered difficult,

substantially as shown and described.

and described.

6. In a lock the combination of the bridgeplate F, having slots 01, d, with the slottedi bolt E. having lugs 0 c and the tumblers pivoted on standards 0 0 whereby changes of keys are obtained and the'picking of the lock avoided, substantially as shown and described.

7. In a latch lock the combination of a,

weight with a latch through an intermediate lever .pivotally connected at one end to the latch and pivotally connected at the other.

end to the weight by a pin and slot, and a fixed pivot upon which said intermediate lever vibrates, substantially as shown and described and for the purpose set forth.

8. In a latch-lock a pivoted key lever K in combination with a Weight connected through intermediate lever I to the latch, and with knob operating hub, having a lug 2'', whereby the latch is operated by either knob or key at will substantially as shown and described.

9. In a latch-lock, the combination of the weight H, having the arm H. provided with beak (2 holes 01 and d key lever K, lever I hub L, having lug e and latch D, all constructcd arranged and operating substantially as shown and described.

10. The combination of the key lever K. with the Weight H. having arm H. and hub L. having lug e substantially as shown and described and for the purpose set forth.

11. The combination of the hub L. having lug c with the key lever K and the weight H. having arm H formed with beak or hook d and connected to latch by connecting lever substantially as shown and described and for purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name in the presence of two Witnesses.

JOHN ADAMS.

In presence of- H. HARRISON, THEo. PRoULX. 

